Chevron, Statoil and US energy company Devon announced on 5 September the first succesful test to produce oil from the deep water region of the Mexican Gulf. If the well meets expectations, the "Jack" field, located around 500 kilometres south-west of New Orleans could mark the first of a wave of new oil explorations in that region. Other companies such as Shell, Exxon and Total own exploration leases in the area and could also intensify their searches for new oil production. According to some industry experts, the deep waters around the Gulf might hold between 3 billion and 15 billion barrels of oil. If this potential could be realised, it would be the biggest oil find since the 1960s. The world now needs around 84 million barrels per day to keep its economies going.
Issues:
In the past few years, oil prices have risen dramatically as a result of several factors:
- rising demand from growing economies (China and India)
- shrinking capacity
- underinvestments in refineries, increasing energy nationalism (the big six oil
- companies own only 16% of the reserves, the rest is in the hands of nationalised
- companies such as Saudi Aramco)
- market speculation
One of the main drivers of the oil-price hike has been the fear that oil production might be coming close to its peak, just at the moment when new growing economies are creating extra demand. Although a theory initially proposed by industry 'rebels' such as former BP expert Colin Campbell, the "peak oil" argument has won over a lot of followers in recent years, even among market watchers and investors. For an overview of the arguments for and against the 'peak oilers', see recent coverage by Bloomberg.
Western oil companies are betting on advanced exploration, drilling and extraction technologies to find the new oil reserves that would be needed to feed the world's growing economies. If the new drilling technologies are succesful, it could open up possibilities for further exploration of areas that are currently off limits. In Europe, the so-called "High North" Arctic area could become a target for new European oil findings (see EurActiv 29 August 2006).
Security of energy supply has become one of the EU's main priorities in recent years. The Commission published a Green Paper on a European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy in March 2006.
Positions:
Energy investment banker Matt Simmons (one of the leading 'peak oil' defenders expressed his scepticism about the enthusiasm surrounding this new oil discovery. "In the past 15 years, there've been so many great projects that started out and then petered out," Simmons told Reuters.
A critical analysis of deep ocean energy resources can be found on the "Oil Drum" blog.
Experts also warned that the new oil discoveries would not usher in a new era of lower oil prices, as the size of potential reserves from these fields will remain modest compared to the huge oil fields in the Middle East. There are also very high costs connected to further exploitation of the deep-water fields in the Gulf of Mexico.
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